Off Grid Living
Water Heating Devices Print E-mail


Storage or tank-type water heaters are the most common in the American home. They are usually 20- to 80-gallon capacity, and fueled by electricity, propane, oil, or natural gas. These units heat up water in an insulated tank and provide a large amount of water for a short period of time. The disadvantage of these units is that they use energy even when not in operation. The life expectancy of a tank is ten to fifteen years, but can be increased by replacing the tank's internal anode rod.

Heat Pump Heaters

These units use a heater/compressor and refrigerant fluid to transfer heat from one place to another. They are fueled by electricity, but the heat source is warm air in the vicinity of the heat pump. For this reason heat pumps work best in warm climates. They use less electricity because it takes less energy to move heat than to create it. They are available with built-in water tanks called integral units, or as add-ons to existing water heaters. They are expensive and complicated to install, so it's best to hire a contractor for this job.

Indirect Water Heaters

Indirect water heaters use the home heating system's boiler. Hot water is stored in a
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